Potamotrygon Fish

Potamotrygon Freshwater Stingrays

The Potamotrygon genus includes some of the most captivating freshwater stingrays in the aquarium hobby. Native to the rivers and tributaries of South America, particularly the Amazon and Orinoco basins, these rays are admired for their graceful swimming, unique disc-shaped bodies, and intricate spot or pattern variations. Each species within the genus carries its own charm, ranging from the striking black-and-white Black Diamond Stingray to the warm, golden tones of the Pearl Stingray.

Potamotrygon stingrays are bottom dwellers, spending much of their time gliding across sandy riverbeds in search of small invertebrates and fish. In an aquarium setting, they bring the same elegance and natural behavior, making them one of the most mesmerizing centerpiece fish for large, well-maintained freshwater systems.

Caring for Potamotrygon rays requires commitment and experience. They are not beginner fish, as they demand large aquariums starting at 250–300 gallons for juveniles and even larger setups for adults. A soft sand substrate is essential to protect their delicate undersides. Hard, sharp decorations should be avoided, but smooth driftwood, rounded rocks, and open swimming areas help replicate their natural environment. Water quality is a top priority—temperatures should remain between 26–29°C (79–84°F), with soft to moderately hard water, low nitrates, and strong, efficient filtration.

Feeding is relatively simple once they are settled. Potamotrygon stingrays thrive on a meaty diet, which can include shrimp, earthworms, bloodworms, small pieces of fish, and other protein-rich foods. In the wild, they use electroreception to detect hidden prey in the sand, and they exhibit the same fascinating hunting behavior in captivity.

These rays are generally peaceful toward other large, non-aggressive fish, but due to their size and feeding style, they should not be kept with small species that could be mistaken for food. Tankmates should be robust yet gentle, such as certain large catfish or cichlids.

Because of their beauty, rarity, and unique swimming patterns, Potamotrygon rays often become the centerpiece of custom-built aquariums. With proper care, they can live for many years, rewarding dedicated keepers with an ever-changing display of elegance and power.

Learn more about freshwater stingrays from reputable sources like the Smithsonian’s National Zoo

 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How big do Potamotrygon stingrays get?
Depending on the species, they can reach a disc width of 14–24 inches.

2. Are Potamotrygon rays aggressive?
No, they are generally peaceful but require suitable tankmates.

3. What do they eat in an aquarium?
They eat shrimp, fish, worms, and other protein-rich foods.

4. Do they need a special substrate?
Yes, soft sand is necessary to avoid injury to their undersides.

5. Are Potamotrygon stingrays suitable for beginners?
They are best for experienced aquarists due to their size and care needs.